ATI Pathophysiology Practice Exam

What is a function of angiotensin II in the regulation of blood pressure?

1. Vasodilation

2. Increased heart rate

3. Diuresis

4. Vasoconstriction

The correct answer is: Vasoconstriction

Angiotensin II plays a crucial role in the regulation of blood pressure primarily through its potent vasoconstrictive effects. When blood pressure drops, the kidneys release renin, which leads to the formation of angiotensin II via a series of biochemical reactions. Angiotensin II then acts on the smooth muscle cells of blood vessels, causing them to constrict, which increases vascular resistance and, consequently, elevates blood pressure. Additionally, angiotensin II stimulates the adrenal glands to release aldosterone, promoting sodium and water retention by the kidneys, contributing further to the increase in blood volume and blood pressure. This action also indirectly supports the body's ability to maintain adequate blood pressure in situations of shock or hypovolemia. In contrast, vasodilation would decrease blood pressure, increased heart rate primarily relates to direct effects on the heart rather than vascular resistance, and diuresis involves increased urine production which could lower blood volume and pressure. Thus, the correct recognition of angiotensin II's role as a vasoconstrictor is essential for understanding its significant impact on blood pressure regulation.