ATI Pathophysiology Practice Exam

The correct answer, which identifies the condition characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys, is glomerulonephritis. This condition involves the immune-mediated damage to the glomeruli, leading to inflammation that can impair kidney function. The inflammation may result from various causes, including infections, autoimmune diseases, or the presence of certain toxins, leading to symptoms such as hematuria (blood in urine), proteinuria (protein in urine), edema, and hypertension.

Acute kidney injury refers to a sudden decrease in kidney function, but it does not specifically involve glomerular inflammation. Chronic kidney disease encompasses a range of kidney problems that develop slowly over time, but again, it does not specifically denote glomerulonephritis or its associated inflammation. Renal failure is a broader term that indicates the kidneys' inability to perform their normal functions and can be caused by various factors, including glomerular disease, but it is not exclusive to inflammation of the glomeruli.

Understanding glomerulonephritis requires recognition of its inflammation role, distinctive symptoms, and potential complications regarding kidney filtration and overall health, which highlights its significance in pathophysiology.